Dec. 25, 2022: I did the Myer- Briggs Personality test on Truity.
I am Introvert Intuitive Thinking Judging:
INTJ careers: This is from the arts, design, and communications.
The Best Careers for INTJ Personality Types | Truity
Editors:
Editors plan, review, and revise content for publication.
Duties
Editors typically do the following:
- Read content and correct spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors
- Rewrite text to make it easier for readers to understand
- Verify facts cited in material for publication
- Evaluate submissions from writers to decide what to publish
- Work with writers to help their ideas and stories succeed
- Develop story and content ideas according to the publication’s style and editorial policy
- Allocate space for the text, photos, and illustrations that make up a story or content
- Approve final versions submitted by staff
Editors plan, coordinate, and revise material for publication in
books,
newspapers,
or periodicals
or on websites.
Editors review story ideas and decide what material will appeal most to readers. During the review process, editors offer comments to improve the product and suggest titles and headlines.
In smaller organizations, a single editor may do all the editorial duties or share them with only a few other people.
The following are examples of types of editors:
Assistant editors are responsible for a particular subject, such as local news, international news, feature stories, or sports. Most assistant editors work for
newspaper publishers,
television broadcasters,
magazines,
book publishers,
or advertising and public relations firms.
Copy editors proofread text for errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling and check for readability, style, and agreement with editorial policy. They suggest revisions, such as changing words and rearranging sentences and paragraphs to improve clarity or accuracy.
They also may carry out research, confirm sources, and verify facts, dates, and statistics. In addition, they may arrange page layouts of articles, photographs, and advertising.
Executive editors oversee assistant editors and generally have the final say about which stories are published and how those stories are covered.
Executive editors typically hire writers, reporters, and other employees. They also plan budgets and negotiate contracts with freelance writers, who are sometimes called “stringers” in the news industry.
Although many executive editors work for newspaper publishers, some work for television broadcasters, magazines, or advertising and public relations firms.
Managing editors typically work for magazines, newspaper publishers, and television broadcasters and are responsible for the daily operations of a news department.
Publication assistants who work for book-publishing houses may read and evaluate manuscripts, proofread uncorrected drafts, and answer questions about published material. Assistants on small newspapers or in smaller media markets may compile articles available from wire services or the Internet, answer phones, and proofread articles.
Editors held about 118,300 jobs in 2018. The largest employers of editors were as follows:
| Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers | 38% |
| Self-employed workers | 14 |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 9 |
| Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations | 8 |
| Other information services | 7 |
Most editors work in offices, whether onsite with their employer or from a remote location. They often use desktop or electronic publishing software, scanners, and other electronic communications equipment.
Jobs are somewhat concentrated in major media and entertainment markets—Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Washington, DC—but improved communications and Internet capabilities are allowing editors to work from a greater variety of locations.
Overseeing and coordinating multiple writing projects simultaneously is common among editors and may lead to stress or fatigue.
Self-employed editors face the added pressures of finding work on an ongoing basis and continually adjusting to new work environments.
Work Schedules
Most editors work full time, and their schedules are generally determined by production deadlines and type of editorial position. Editors typically work in busy offices and have to deal with production deadline pressures and the stresses of ensuring that the information they publish is correct.
As a result, editors often work many hours, especially at those times leading up to a publication deadline. These work hours can be even more frequent when an editor is working on digital material for the Internet or for a live broadcast.
A bachelor’s degree in communications, journalism, or English, combined with previous writing and proofreading experience, is typically required to be an editor.
Education
Employers generally prefer candidates who have a bachelor’s degree in communications, journalism, or English.
Candidates with other backgrounds who can show strong writing skills also may find jobs as editors. Editors who deal with specific subject matter may need related work experience. For example, fashion editors may need expertise in fashion that they gain through formal training or work experience.
Work Experience in a Related Occupation
Many editors start off as editorial assistants, writers, or reporters.
Those who are particularly skilled at identifying good stories, recognizing writing talent, and interacting with writers may be interested in editing jobs.
Other Experience
Editors can gain experience by working on high school and college
newspapers and for magazines,
radio and television stations,
advertising and publishing companies.
Magazines and newspapers may have offer student internships. For example, the American Society of Magazine Editors offers a Magazine Internship Program to qualified full-time students in their junior or senior year of college. Interns may
write stories,
conduct research and interviews,
and gain general publishing experience.
Editors need to be proficient in computer use, including electronic publishing, graphics, Web design, social media, and multimedia production.
Advancement
Some editors hold management positions and must make decisions related to running a business. For them, advancement generally means moving up to publications with larger circulation or greater prestige.
Copy editors may move into original writing or substantive editing positions or become freelancers.
Editors typically have an interest in the Creating and Persuading interest areas, according to the Holland Code framework.
The Creating interest area indicates a focus on being original and imaginative, and working with artistic media.
The Persuading interest area indicates a focus on influencing, motivating, and selling to other people.
If you are not sure whether you have a Creating or Persuading interest which might fit with a career as an editor, you can take a career test to measure your interests.
Editors should also possess the following specific qualities:
Creativity. Editors must be creative, curious, and knowledgeable in a broad range of topics. Some editors must regularly come up with interesting story ideas and attention-grabbing headlines.
Detail oriented. One of an editor’s main tasks is to make sure that material is error-free and matches the style of a publication.
Good judgment. Editors must decide if certain stories are ethical or if there is enough evidence to report them.
Interpersonal skills. In working with writers, editors must have tact and the ability to guide and encourage them in their work.
Language skills. Editors must ensure that all written content has correct grammar, punctuation, and syntax. As a result, strong language skills are essential for an editor.
Writing skills. Editors should enjoy writing and must be excellent writers overall. They must have good knowledge of grammar and punctuation rules and be able to express ideas clearly and logically.
The median annual wage for editors was $61,370 in May 2019. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $32,620, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $122,280.
In May 2019, the median annual wages for editors in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | $69,270 |
| Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations | 68,530 |
| Other information services | 66,530 |
| Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers | 57,030 |
Most editors work full time, and their schedules are generally determined by production deadlines and type of editorial position. Editors typically work in busy offices and have to deal with production deadline pressures and the stresses of ensuring that the information they publish is correct.
As a result, editors often work many hours, especially at those times leading up to a publication deadline. These work hours can be even more frequent when an editor is working on digital material for the Internet or for a live broadcast.
Employment of editors is projected to decline 3 percent from 2018 to 2028.
Despite some job growth in online media, decreases in traditional print magazines and newspapers will cause a decline in overall employment of editors.
Job Prospects
Competition for jobs with established newspapers and magazines will be particularly strong because employment in the publishing industry is projected to decline.
Editors who have adapted to online media and are comfortable writing for and working with a variety of electronic and digital tools will have the best prospects in finding work.
Although the way in which people consume media has changed, editors will continue to add value by reviewing and revising drafts and keeping the style and voice of a publication consistent.
For more information about editors, visit
American Society of Magazine Editors
Editor Career Profile | Job Description, Salary, and Growth | Truity
Writers and authors:
Writers and authors develop content for various types of media, including
advertisements;
blogs;
books;
magazines;
and movie,
play,
and television scripts.
Duties
Writers and authors typically do the following:
- Choose subjects that interests readers
- Write fiction or nonfiction scripts, biographies, and other formats
- Conduct research to get factual information and authentic detail
- Write advertising copy for newspapers, magazines, broadcasts, and the Internet
- Present drafts to editors and clients for feedback
- Work with editors and clients to shape material for publishing
Writers must establish their credibility with editors and readers through clean prose, strong research, and the use of sources and citations.
Writers and authors select the material they want to use and then convey the information to readers.
With help from editors, they may revise or rewrite sections, searching for the clearest language and phrasing.
Some writers and authors are self-employed or freelancers.
They sell their written content to
book and magazine publishers;
news organizations;
advertising agencies;
and movie,
theater,
and television producers.
They may be hired to complete specific short-term or recurring assignments, such as
writing a newspaper column,
contributing to a series of articles in a magazine,
or producing an organization’s newsletter.
A number of writers produce material that is published only online, such as for
digital news organizations
or blogs.
The following are examples of types of writers and authors:
Biographers write a thorough account of a person’s life.
They gather information from interviews and research about the person to accurately describe important life events.
Bloggers write posts to a Web log (blog) that may pertain to any topic or a specific field, such as fashion, news, or sports.
Content writers write about any topic of interest, unlike writers who usually specialize in a given field.
Copywriters prepare advertisements to promote the sale of a good or service. They often work with a client to produce written content, such as an advertising slogan.
Novelists write books of fiction, creating characters and plots that may be imaginary or based on real events.
Playwrights write scripts for theatrical productions. They come up with a concept, write lines for actors to say, produce stage direction for actors to follow, and suggest ideas for theatrical set design.
Screenwriters create scripts for movies and television. They may produce original stories, characters, and dialogue, or adapt a book into a movie or television script.
Speechwriters compose orations for business leaders, politicians, and others who must speak in front of an audience. Because speeches are often delivered live, speechwriters must think about audience reaction and rhetorical effect.
Writers and authors held about 123,200 jobs in 2018. The largest employers of writers and authors were as follows:
| Self-employed workers | 61% |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 11 |
| Information | 11 |
| Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries | 3 |
| Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations | 3 |
Writers and authors may work anywhere they have access to a computer.
Jobs are somewhat concentrated in major media and entertainment markets—California, New York, Texas, and Washington, DC
—but improved communications and Internet capabilities allow writers and authors to work from almost anywhere.
Some writers and authors prefer to work and travel to meet with publishers and clients and to do research or conduct interviews in person.
Work Schedules
Some writers and authors work part time. Most keep regular office hours, either to stay in contact with sources and editors or to set up a writing routine, but many set their own hours.
Others may need to work evenings and weekends to produce something acceptable for an editor or client.
Self-employed or freelance writers and authors may face the pressures of juggling multiple projects or continually looking for new work.
A college degree in English, communications, or journalism is generally required for a salaried position as a writer or author. Experience gained through internships or any writing that improves skill, such as blogging, is beneficial.
Education
A bachelor’s degree is typically needed for a full-time job as a writer. Because writing skills are essential in this occupation, many employers prefer candidates who have a degree in English, communications, or journalism.
Other Work Experience
Writers and authors can get job experience by working for high school and college newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations, advertising and publishing companies, or nonprofit organizations. College theater programs offer playwrights an opportunity to have their work performed. Many magazines and newspapers also have internships for students. Interns may write stories, conduct research and interviews, and gain related experience.
Employers may prefer candidates who are able to create a visual story using tables, charts, infographics, and maps.
Knowledge of computer software and editing tools that combine text with graphics, audio, video, and animation may be helpful.
In addition, anyone with Internet access can start a blog and gain writing experience.
Some of this writing may lead to paid assignments regardless of education.
Writers or authors can come from different backgrounds and experiences.
Training
Writers and authors typically gain writing experience through on-the-job training. They may practice and work with more experienced writers and editors before their writing is ready for publication.
Writers may need formal training or experience related to a particular topic that they want to write about.
Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations
Some associations offer certifications for writers and authors.
Certification can show competence and professionalism, making candidates more attractive to employers.
For example, the American Grant Writers’ Association (AGWA) offers the Certified Grant Writer® credential.
Certification may increase opportunities for advancement.
Advancement
Writers and authors can get a start by putting their name on their work when writing for small businesses, local newspapers, advertising agencies, and nonprofit organizations. However, opportunities for advancement within these organizations may be limited.
Writers and authors may advance their careers by building a reputation, taking on complex writing assignments, and getting published in prestigious markets and publications.
Having published work that has been well received and consistently meeting deadlines are important for advancement.
Many editors begin work as writers. Those who are particularly skilled at identifying stories, correcting writing style, and interacting with writers may be interested in editing jobs.
Writer or authors typically have an interest in the Creating interest area, according to the Holland Code framework.
The Creating interest area indicates a focus on being original and imaginative, and working with artistic media.
If you are not sure whether you have a Creating interest which might fit with a career as a writer or author, you can take a career test to measure your interests.
Writer or authors should also possess the following specific qualities:
Adaptability. Writers and authors need to be able to adapt to newer software platforms and programs, including various Content Management Systems (CMS).
Creativity. Writers and authors must be able to develop new and interesting plots, characters, or ideas so they can come up with new stories.
Critical-thinking skills. Writers and authors must have dual expertise in thinking through or understanding new concepts,
and conveying it through written word.
Determination. Writers and authors sometimes work on projects that take years to complete.
Freelance writers who are paid per assignment must demonstrate perseverance and personal drive.
Persuasion. Writers, especially those in advertising, must be able to persuade others to feel a certain way about a good or service.
Social perceptiveness. Writers and authors must understand how readers react to certain ideas in order to connect with their audience.
Writing skills. Writers and authors must be able to write effectively in order to convey feeling and emotion and communicate with readers.
The median annual wage for writers and authors was $63,200 in May 2019. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $33,660, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $122,450.
In May 2019, the median annual wages for writers and authors in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:
| Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries | $70,990 |
| Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations | 68,560 |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 63,920 |
| Information | 60,440 |
Some writers and authors work part time. Most keep regular office hours, either to stay in contact with sources and editors or to set up a writing routine, but many set their own hours. Others may need to work evenings and weekends to produce something acceptable for an editor or client.
Self-employed or freelance writers and authors may face the pressures of juggling multiple projects or continually looking for new work.
Employment of writers and authors is projected to show little or no change from 2018 to 2028.
Online publications and services are growing in number and sophistication, spurring demand for writers and authors with Web and multimedia experience. However, employment of writers and authors in the newspaper and book and periodical publication industries is projected to decline.
Some experienced writers should find work in the public relations departments of corporations and nonprofit organizations.
Self-employed or freelance writers and authors may find work with newspaper, magazine, or journal publishers, and some will write books.
Job Prospects
Strong competition is expected for most job openings, given that many people are attracted to this occupation. Competition for jobs with newspapers and magazines will be particularly strong because employment in the publishing industry is projected to decline.
Writers and authors who have adapted to online and social media, and who are comfortable writing for and working with a variety of electronic and digital tools, should have an advantage in finding work.
The declining costs of self-publishing and the popularity of electronic books will allow many freelance writers to have their work published.
Writer or Author Career Profile | Job Description, Salary, and Growth | Truity
Technical writers:
Technical writers, also called technical communicators, prepare instruction manuals, how-to guides, journal articles, and other supporting documents to communicate complex and technical information more easily.
They also
develop,
gather,
and disseminate technical information
through an organization’s communications channels.
Duties
Technical writers typically do the following:
- Determine the needs of users of technical documentation
- Study product samples and talk with product designers and developers
- Work with technical staff to make products and instructions easier to use
- Write or revise supporting content for products
- Edit material prepared by other writers or staff
- Incorporate animation, graphs, illustrations, or photographs to increase users’ understanding of the material
- Select appropriate medium, such as manuals or videos, for message or audience
- Standardize content across platforms and media
- Collect user feedback to update and improve content
Technical writers create paper-based and digital operating instructions, how-to manuals, assembly instructions, and “frequently asked questions” pages to help technical support staff, consumers, and other users within a company or an industry.
After a product is released, technical writers also may work with product liability specialists and customer-service managers to improve the end-user experience through product design changes.
Technical writers often work with computer hardware engineers, computer support specialists, and software developers to manage the flow of information among project workgroups during development and testing. Therefore, technical writers must be able to understand and discuss complex information with people of diverse occupational backgrounds.
Technical writers may serve on teams that conduct usability studies to improve product design. Technical writers may research topics through visits to libraries and websites, discussions with technical specialists, and observation.
Technical writers are also responsible for managing the consistency of technical content and its use across departments including product development, manufacturing, marketing, and customer relations.
Some technical writers help write grant proposals for research scientists and institutions.
Increasingly, technical information is delivered online and through social media. Technical writers use the interactive technologies of the Web and social media to blend text, graphics, multidimensional images, sound, and video.
Technical writers held about 55,700 jobs in 2018. The largest employers of technical writers were as follows:
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 36% |
| Manufacturing | 15 |
| Administrative and support services | 9 |
| Publishing industries (except Internet) | 8 |
Most technical writers work full time. They routinely work with engineers and other technology experts to manage the flow of information throughout an organization.
Although most technical writers are employed directly by the companies that use their services, some freelance and are paid per assignment. Freelancers are either self-employed or work for a technical consulting firm and are given short-term or recurring assignments, such as writing about a new product.
Technical writing jobs are usually concentrated in locations with a multitude of information technology or scientific and technical research companies, such as ones in California and Texas.
Work Schedules
Technical writers may be expected to work evenings and weekends to meet deadlines.
A college degree is usually required for a position as a technical writer. In addition, knowledge of or experience with a technical subject, such as science or engineering, is beneficial.
Education
Employers generally prefer candidates who have a bachelor’s degree in English or another communications-related subject. Technical writing jobs may require candidates to have both a degree and knowledge of a technical field, such as engineering, computer science, or medicine.
Work Experience in a Related Occupation
Some technical writers begin their careers as specialists or research assistants in a technical field. They eventually develop technical communication skills and assume primary responsibilities for technical writing. In small firms, entry-level technical writers may work on projects right away; in large companies, beginning technical writers may shadow experienced writers and interact with specialists before being assigned projects.
Training
Many technical writers need short-term on-the-job training to adapt their narrative style to a descriptive style of writing.
Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations
Some associations, including the Society for Technical Communication, offer certification for technical writers. In addition, the American Medical Writers Association offers extensive continuing education programs and certificates in medical writing. These certificates are available to professionals in the medical and scientific communication fields.
Although not mandatory, these credentials demonstrate competence and professionalism, making candidates more attractive to employers. A professional credential also may increase a technical writer’s opportunities for advancement.
Advancement
Prospects for advancement generally include working on projects that are more complex and leading or training junior staff.
Technical writers typically have an interest in the Thinking, Creating and Organizing interest areas, according to the Holland Code framework.
The Thinking interest area indicates a focus on researching, investigating, and increasing the understanding of natural laws.
The Creating interest area indicates a focus on being original and imaginative, and working with artistic media.
The Organizing interest area indicates a focus on working with information and processes to keep things arranged in orderly systems.
If you are not sure whether you have a Thinking or Creating or Organizing interest which might fit with a career as a technical writer, you can take a career test to measure your interests.
Technical writers should also possess the following specific qualities:
Communication skills. Technical writers must be able to take complex, technical information and translate it for colleagues and consumers who have nontechnical backgrounds.
Detail oriented. Technical writers create detailed instructions for others to follow. As a result, they must be detailed and precise at every step so that the instructions can be useful.
Imagination. Technical writers must be able to think about a procedure or product in the way that a person without technical experience would think about it.
Teamwork. Technical writers must be able to work well with others. They are almost always part of a team: with other writers; with designers, editors, and illustrators; and with the technical people whose information they are explaining.
Technical skills. Technical writers must be able to understand and then explain highly technical information. Many technical writers need a background in engineering or computer science in order to do this.
Writing skills. Technical communicators must have excellent writing skills to be able to explain technical information clearly.
The median annual wage for technical writers was $72,850 in May 2019. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $44,320, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $117,250.
In May 2019, the median annual wages for technical writers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:
| Publishing industries (except Internet) | $77,120 |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 73,960 |
| Administrative and support services | 73,170 |
| Manufacturing | 73,160 |
Technical writers may be expected to work evenings and weekends to meet deadlines. Most work full time.
Employment of technical writers is projected to grow 8 percent from 2018 to 2028, faster than the average for all occupations.
The continuing expansion of scientific and technical products and growth in Web-based product support will drive employment demand for technical writers. Growth and change in the high-technology and electronics industries will result in a greater need for those who can write instruction manuals and communicate information clearly to users.
Professional, scientific, and technical services firms are expected to continue to grow rapidly and should be a good source of new jobs even as the occupation finds acceptance in a broader range of industries.
Job Prospects
Job opportunities, especially for applicants with technical skills, are expected to be good. The growing reliance on technology and the increasing demand for complex medical and scientific information will create job opportunities for technical writers. However, there will be competition among freelance technical writers.
For more information about technical writers, visit
American Medical Writers Association
National Association of Science Writers
Society for Technical Communication
FAQ
Where does this information come from?
The career information above is taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook. This excellent resource for occupational data is published by the U.S. Department of Labor every two years. Truity periodically updates our site with information from the BLS database.
I would like to cite this page for a report. Who is the author?
There is no published author for this page. Please use citation guidelines for webpages without an author available.
I think I have found an error or inaccurate information on this page. Who should I contact?
This information is taken directly from the Occupational Outlook Handbook published by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Truity does not editorialize the information, including changing information that our readers believe is inaccurate, because we consider the BLS to be the authority on occupational information. However, if you would like to correct a typo or other technical error, you can reach us at help@truity.com.
I am not sure if this career is right for me. How can I decide?
There are many excellent tools available that will allow you to
measure your interests,
profile your personality,
and match these traits with appropriate careers.
On this site, you can take the Career Personality Profiler assessment, the Holland Code assessment, or the Photo Career Quiz.
Technical Writer Career Profile | Job Description, Salary, and Growth | Truity
My opinion: I like and am interested in the job descriptions to editors, and writers and authors.
I wasn't interested in the technical writers job descriptions because it was about writing about STEM subjects. I didn't like and wasn't good in math and science at school. I never even took the elective Technical Writing at the Professional Communication program at MacEwan.
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